The Nizam state of Hyderabad India was formed by the Asif Jahi Dynasty in the 18th century by Mir Qamar uddin siddiqi when he was appointed as a governor by the Mughal Empire to rule the region under their guidance. However after the death of the powerful and legendary ruler Aurangzeb in 1707, the decline of Mughal Empire resulted in many of the territories to be lost, however, the rule of the land remained under the Islamic Shari'ah and all the various territories followed the orders and guidance of the Khilalfah.
The Asif Jahi dynasty originated in the region around Samarkand, but the family came to India from Baghdad in the late 17th century. Shaikh Mir Ismail (Alam Shaikh Siddiqi) Alam ul-Ulema, son of Ayub younus Salim, son of Abdul Rehman Shaikh Azizan Siddiqi, fourteenth in direct decent from Sheikh Shihab-ud-din Siddiqi Suhrawardy, of uharwada in Kurdistan, a celebrated Sufi.
Many chroniclers and historians have given accounts of Islamic rule in India. The legacy of Islam is still unparalleled with any other system in the region. This is because the people from all ethnic and religious backgrounds were living together with peace and harmony supporting the inventions and development in almost every field of life under the shade of just Islamic rule. This is why many historians have referred to Islamic India as the 'Jewel of East'.
The Nizam state, Came to an abrupt end in September 1948 after a horrific and ruthless assault, known as the 'Operation Polo' carried out by the Indian government, which was formed after the partition. For many Indians the horrific memories of this operation remain unforgettable. During partition the State of Hyderabad, naturally, was willing to join the newly created Muslim state of Pakistan. The Indian government was not prepared to secede such territory and was not prepared to tolerate the intentions of the Nizam State to become part of Pakistan. The Indian state thus started operation polo, which lasted for four and a half days leading to the killings of thousands of innocent people (largely Muslim) and the looting of their properties. Subsequently, the last Nizam, Osman Ali Khan, surrendered the Nizam state to India on 17th September 1948.
This situation of the Muslims however faired no better. The Muslims lived in the shadows due to the inequality with Hindus, the deliberate negligence and covert deprivation by the Congress government pushed the Muslims into illiteracy and poverty. Furthermore, the stigma attached to Muslims due to partition and the continuous demonization by the Hindutva forces, turned the Muslims into the Jews of pre-World War Europe. Even the judicial system did not remain a recourse to the grievances, resulting a situation in which Muslims have been paying with their blood and lives for the sins they didn't commit.
The establishment of a separate state of Telangana in the unified Andhra Pradesh will make no difference apart from a statistical increase in Muslim population of the new Telangana state. This is no achievement. Telangana will be a state within India and not a sovereign state.
The linguistic meaning of "Telangana" is "the land of telugu people," Unfortunatly many Muslims have joined the call for a separate state in the hope that their situation may change. Many Muslims have openly supported the Telangana state and separatist movements.
The ruling parties quashed the separatist telangana movement by singling out the Muslims and using Hindu extremist elements from outside the state. The recent riots that took place between Muslims and Hindus has shown how far political parties can dwindle, manipulate and create the environment for riots, beginning from a very small issue of removing the Milaad flags from the mostly Muslim populated areas by some Hindu extremists in order to replace their flags of Hanuman Jayanti (a Hindu festival rarely celebrated by local Hyderabad Hindus). The riots continued for four days resulting to the death of a Hindu local, more than 200 injured (mostly Muslims), Many Masajids, Houses, Shops and properties were damaged or set on fire. Many Muslim women were injured and insulted. Many of the poverty were severely affected due to having tot close their business due to rioting.
Whilst the world continues to talk about India's rapid economic development and how it's the world's largest democracy, the true, ugly face of India is rarely shown. India is one of the most corrupt countries in the word, 33% of the worlds poor reside in India and India has the most abhorrent caste system in the word - this is the true face of India.
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Abdur Razzaque
said:
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Popular Front of India (PFI) basically a South Indian group started to spread its work outside South India. It first came to Indore just before the arrest of Safder Nagori Group (SNG). The financier of SNG joined the PFI. SNG was arrested from Indore. An independent local sunni barelvi group was also working at Indore in the name of its founder Jafar T. Kareem lala and Jafar T both were leading the Jafar T group. The group was supporter of SIMI. But after the arrest of SNG, the Jafar T. group also joined PFI. Later on the SNG was accused of Ahmedabad blast. And the link of Hydrabad Blast and Ajmer Blast were also found at Indore. The Hindu terrorist were arrested in this regard. All the incidents proves that the splitting of the SIMI, arresting of SNG from Indore, connectivity of different blasts from Indore, All these happened to damage the structure and ideology of SIMI, and to pave way for PFI as an alternate. The manner in which the work of PFI has expanded in a great speed from south to north proves the claim. All these things associated with PFI makes it highly suspicious. Therefore to create the soft corner for the PFI one more conspiracy comes to the fore. The present scene of raid on PFI offices, the arresting of its members, all is a drama. A professor of south India has wrote something blasphemous against our beloved prophet HAZRAT MUHAMMED (SAW). Some one has chopped his hand and thus the drama begin. If sincere Muslims will not investigate the matter deeply, the personality of our beloved prophet HAZRAT MUHAMMED (SAW) will be used again and again for the achievement of cheap goals of such third class peoples. Abdur Razzaque. |
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chinmay
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it is a well known fact that muslims constitute nearly 20-22% of andhra pradesh poulation.over 75&#xof; muslim population in andhra pradesh is concentrated in telangana.there is just one muslim mp from telangana in 2009 lections as against atleast 5 and muslims mlas from the region are just 9 as against 28.congress gave ticket to just 6 muslm candidates when the number should have been atleast 20.this is all due to the conspiracy of politicians from andhra region to keep muslims out of power.the bargaining capacity of muslims will increase exponentially if separate telangana is formed and they will become a major political force |
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Zeital
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INDIA AFTER 1707 Following Al-Sultan Aurangzeb’s death in 1707, the Mughal regime had the last of its so-called Great Mughals. The only time when a Mughal leader would preside for a long time was Muhammad Shah. His reign deserves closer study. Bahadur Shah I succeeded a leader whose realm (through greatly expanded) had many internal stress due to a diminished treasury and external wear from continual warfare. Crucially, the world during the eighteenth century was radically changing due the emergence of globalisation and capitalism. Portugal already had trade links with India, but the 16th Century Mughals as a rising force prevented domination. As Spanish and Portuguese naval power was challenged, the Dutch (and a lesser known country on the periphery of Europe: England) were attracted by Indian Ocean trade routes. Several European companies sought to enter the lucrative trade in spices, silks, and coffee, and newer industries such as cotton. The Portuguese explorers (and naval crusaders) following a circumnavigation of the globe were the first European maritime empire to trade with places as far as India (Goa), Malaysia (Malacca), China (Macau), and Japan (Nagasaki). The Portuguese also contested against the Ottomans and Venice for control over forts on the Arabian Peninsula. Sultan Aurangzeb kept a wary eye on England (which was barred from trading in Thailand and the East Indies). Yet he allowed the East India Company to build factories and mills in Bengal. Mughal India was more concerned about the great land empires such as Persia, and keeping links to Central Asia. Turkic Mughals themselves originally came from Central Asia like their ancestor Timur (the Turkicized Mongol ruler based in Persia). INDIGENOUS INDIAN STATES Shivaji Bhosle who founded the Maratha Confederacy sought to restore indigenous rule to India from Muslim Sultanates. Led by Shivaji, Marathas fought brilliant guerrilla campaigns inside India and raided trading centres as far as Gujarat. By Shivaji’s death in 1680 the Mughal’s had a new adversary to contend with. In response Emperor Aurangzeb fought a campaign lasting 27 years from 1681 to 1707. Although Mughal authority reached its greatest extent, this came at the cost of overextending the state. The Muslim sultanates and Hindu kingdoms of southern India were incorporated, yet the Marathas proved to be the nemesis of Aurangzeb’s Mughal Empire. This costly war was a waste of countless soldiers, productivity, and took a severe toll upon the treasury (which could not be handled). Crucially, it laid seeds of conflict for Aurangzeb’s successors. This parallel’s the fate of many past great empires such as Persia, Rome, and contemporary Great Powers that engaged in perpetual war and then war itself crushed their finances; ultimately annihilating the empire itself. “Force is all-conquering, but its victories are short-lived”. Abraham Lincoln Consequences of a long 27 war already caught up. Upon Aurangzeb’s death Emperor Bahadur Shah I attained leadership, whose short tenure saw some rapprochement with the Sikhs, Marathas, and Rajputs and stabilisation of Mughal authority. |
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Zeital
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LESSER MUGHALS Emperor Farukhsiyar was ruler in all but name. The Syed Brothers were effective power brokers. Mughal provinces already declared independence. Bengal was under the rule of impotent rulers (and caught increasing attention of English and French traders). The Sikhs who had long been suppressed under Mughal rule, rose and established their own state, whilst the Marathas continued their rise as the new indigenous power in India. Two very large Muslim ruled kingdoms in central and southern India became independent dynasties, Hyderabad (which kept a check on Maratha expansion) and Kingdom of Mysore. Crucially, Farrukhsiyar gave away trading concessions to the British East India Company in Bengal. This allowed a trade monopoly over Bengal for Britain over their European rivals. This British East India Company was given permission allowed to purchase more land also. The Syed Brothers were also a ‘back door’ route for British ‘tradespersons’ into India. They received presents from the British for allowing concessions and conditions favourable to British business. Nawab Ali Vardi Khan of Bengal declared independence, and other Muslim and Hindu Nawabs did likewise. The Marathas (once a band of guerrillas in their highlands) became an empire in its own right. This indigenous Indian state was perhaps a most likely successor to the Mughals. The Nizams of Hyderabad had ruled Hyderabad on behalf (and in the name of the Great Mughal Emperors), until Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah I declared independence. Hence this sundered Mughal authority connected northern and central India to the south. Yet Asaf Jah saw the ‘winds of change’ in India. Mughal rule of waning, Marathas were rising, any province would have to fend for itself. Similarly Kingdom of Mysore under Hyder Ali was fending for itself, be making alliances with France (to keep British ambitions in check) and resisted Maratha expansion southwards. Asaf Jah’s progeny preserved Hyderabad’s independence even under British Paramountcy. India was politically fractured. Some provinces such as Bengal or coastal regions fell under the rule of overseas empires. Other provinces maintained independence whilst new states emerged (such as the Sikh Confederacy). The French at this time eagerly sought alliances with local Indian rulers. France was a rival colonial power to Great Britain; that acquired territory in North America, Caribbean Islands, and had trading ports in India. |
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Zeital
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FATAL BLOW TO MUGHAL STATE Persia came under Nadir Shah who was a military genius. Nadir Shah’s reign replaced that of the Safavids. He also sought to make Persia acquire its eminence alongside the Muslim Ottoman and Mughal Empires. It was his invasion of India that really shattered Mughal authority, following his brilliant victory at the Battle of Karnal. Due to attacks by Indian troops (following a false rumour that Nadir Shah was assassinated), Nadir Shah’s reprisals were swift and very harsh, with the infamous sack of Delhi, massive plunder and massacre of many inhabitants. Delhi’s civilians would suffer a repeat during the invasion of Ahmad Shah Durrani of Afghanistan. After Nadir Shah died, the Afghans were led by Adbali. He would play a crucial role within India (and the fate of its Muslim population). This would be when his alliance with Mughal forces defeated the Maratha’s at Panipat in 1761, ensuring a Muslim presence in Northern India. Yet Indians were exhausting their energies against each other, keeping a balance of power between kingdoms, whilst the British East India Company bided its time. The Mughals never developed a navy for overseas projection, unlike the Southern Indians. Around this time the Dutch, French and English (British after 1707) navies and companies became involved. The Netherlands was defeated by an indigenous force in Ceylon. Britain would bide its time, whilst the Dutch position in India could not gain a monopoly. |
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